Summary
ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE
Teaching English as a Second Language is a high-demand
subject of instruction that continues to experience growth in schools across
the country. As children from foreign countries continue to immigrate to the
United States and enroll in schools here, the number of students whose native
language is not English continues to grow.
Many schools have English Language Learners (ELL)
programs, also known as English as a Second Language (ESL). English
Language Programs (ESL, EFL) can teach you to read, write, understand, and
speak English more fluently by enhancing your grammar, vocabulary, and
communication skills. However, there are also many other reasons for studying
at an English Language School.
ESL TEACHING METHODS
š
CLT (Communicative Language
Teaching)
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TPR (Total Physical Response)
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Grammar Translation
š
Structural Approach
š
Suggestopedia
š
Direct Method
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Silent Way
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Immersion
BILINGUALISM
A simple definition of bilingualism is
an ability to communicate easily in two languages. Anyone can become bilingual,
but it's much easier to become bilingual when you are a child. Most often
you'll find that a person with an accent became bilingual later in life.
Bilingualism is a norm, not an exception. As surprising as it might seem, most
people in the world are bilingual.
š Bilingual
people are most often part of two cultures or a culture where more than one
language is used.
š Bilingual
people may not speak both languages equally well. Bilingual people use each
language in different areas of their lives. Some may speak one language at home
and the other for everyday business.
š Bilingual
individuals may not be able to translate quickly. This doesn't mean they don't
know the language well. Words don't automatically translate equally into
another language, so it takes some thinking to figure out a good translation.
š Bilinguals
sometimes mix languages when speaking to each other. The major reason is that
some words don't translate well.
A simple definition of bilingualism is
an ability to communicate easily in two languages. Anyone can become bilingual,
but it's much easier to become bilingual when you are a child. Most often
you'll find that a person with an accent became bilingual later in life.
Bilingualism is a norm, not an exception. As surprising as it might seem, most
people in the world are bilingual.
š Bilingual
people are most often part of two cultures or a culture where more than one
language is used.
š Bilingual
people may not speak both languages equally well. Bilingual people use each
language in different areas of their lives. Some may speak one language at home
and the other for everyday business.
š Bilingual
individuals may not be able to translate quickly. This doesn't mean they don't
know the language well. Words don't automatically translate equally into
another language, so it takes some thinking to figure out a good translation.
š Bilinguals
sometimes mix languages when speaking to each other. The major reason is that
some words don't translate well.
BILINGUAL EDUCATION
Bilingual education involves teaching academic content
in two languages, in a native and secondary language with varying amounts of
each language used in accordance with the program model. Bilingual education
refers to the utilization of two languages as means of instruction for students
and considered part of or the entire school curriculum.
š Transitional
Bilingual Education (TBE) programs: students receive
instruction in both English and their native language, and the native language
support is gradually phased out over two or three years.
š Bilingual
Maintenance (BM) programs: students remain in bilingual
classes for their entire educational experience.
š Dual
Language Immersion: Enrolls English-speaking
children and students who are native in another language in roughly equal
numbers.
BIDIALECTALISM IN USA
In the
United States they have one minority dialect which is African
American English (AAE). Children who speak a dialect of English that differs
from the language of instruction—usually close to Standard English—may also be
disadvantaged in a school setting. Literacy instruction is generally based on
SAE. It has been argued that the phonological and grammatical differences
between African American English (AAE) and SAE make it harder for AAE-speaking
children to learn to read and write.
A more
positive approach to teaching literacy to speakers of nonstandard dialects is
to encourage bidialectalism. This approach teaches children to take pride in
their language, encouraging them to use it in informal circumstances, with
family and friends, while also teaching them a second dialect—SAE—that is
necessary for reading, writing, and classroom discussion
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